How to use instrumental variables in addressing endogeneity? A step-by-step procedure for non-specialists

MitraClip step by step; how to simplify the procedure

The MitraClip system is a device for percutaneous edge-to-edge reconstruction of the mitral valve in patients with severe mitral regurgitation who are deemed at high risk for surgery. Studies have underlined the therapeutic benefit of the MitraClip system for patients at extreme and high risk for mitral valve surgery, suffering from either degenerative or functional mitral regurgitation. The Mi...

Waste Minimization Assessments a Step - by - Step Procedure

Investigation the Consumer Choice in the Use of Dental Services Care Applying Hekman Two-Step Procedure

Considering the health importance in development process of countries, this study investigates factors affecting various types of dental care services participation and related expenditures as one of the most important aspects of oral health. For this reason, a sample of almost 40000 Iranian households in 2016 is selected and the impact of the mentioned factors analyzed using Heckman’s two-stag...

A step-by-step procedure for pH model construction in aquatic systems

We present, by means of a simple example, a comprehensive step-by-step procedure to consistently derive a pH model of aquatic systems. As pH modelling is inherently complex, we make every step of the model generation process explicit, thus ensuring conceptual, mathematical, and chemical correctness. Summed quantities, such as total inorganic carbon and total alkalinity, and the influences of mo...

A step-by-step guide to dopamine.

v w c i m t w d s m d e l t T here is an odd irony associated with the by-now almost ineluctable tie between reinforcement learning’s temporal difference learning rule (1) and the phasic activity of dopamine eurons (2). Although temporal difference learning was designed o enable the acquisition of whole sequences of actions and predicions, a task that its ancestors (3) would flub, there are ver...